HEAT & MASS TRANSFER LAB - PARALLEL AND COUNTER CURRENT FLOW IN A DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER

 

PARALLEL AND COUNTER CURRENT FLOW IN A DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER

 OBJECTIVES

➤ To determine the LMTD and overall heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger during parallel          and counter current flow configuration.

➤ To estimate the effectiveness of the heat exchanger under parallel and counter current flow                     conditions.

DATA SHEET

            t₁₁        COLD WATER INLET 

                t₁₂        COLD WATER OUTLET 

             t₂₁         HOT WATER INLET 

                t₂₂          HOT WATER OUTLET

RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS                            

 ➤           Compute the LMTD (log mean temperature difference), rate of heat transferred by hot and                       cold water (Q) and overall heat transfer coefficients (U) for both parallel and counter current                   flow configurations.

 ➤          Compute the effectiveness factor ’h’ for parallel and counter current flow configurations.

 ➤       Plot the temperature profiles for cold as well as hot water for parallel and counter current flow configurations.

 ➤       Compare the amount of heat transferred in both the flow configurations and provide reasons for the difference.    

FLUID MECHANICS LAB - FLOW MEASUREMENT APPARATUS ORIFICEMETER

 FLOW MEASUREMENT APPARATUS ORIFICEMETER

Orificemeter is a device used for measurement of the rate of flow of fluid through a pipe. The basic principle on which Orificemeter works is that by reducing the cross-sectional area of the flow passage, a pressure difference is created and the measurement of the pressure difference enables the determination of the discharge through the pipe.

                   

An orificemeter is a cheaper arrangement for measurement of discharge through pipes and its installation requires a smaller length as compared with other flow measuring devices. The opening in the form of orifice is provided at the center of the plate.

An orifice meter consists of a flat circular plate with a circular hole called orifice with is concentric with the pipe axis. The upstream face of the plate is be leveled at an angle lying between 30⁰ and 45⁰. The plate is clamped between the two pipe planges with be leveled surface facing downstream. Two pressure tappings are provided one on the upstream side of plate and other on the downstream side of the orifice plate. The pressure difference exists between two sections which, can be measured by connecting a differential manometer to the two pressure taps. The discharge coefficient can be calculated using formula. Where C_d is coefficient of orifice, a₀ is cross- sectional area of orifice, a₁ is cross –sectional area of pipe, g is the acceleration due to the gravity and h is the difference of head in terms of water.

SAMPLE DATA SHEET

RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

 Calculate the discharge, difference of manometer reading and C_d for different sets of readings for venturimeter & orifice meter.

FLUID MECHANICS LAB - FLOW MEASUREMENT APPARATUS VENTURIMETER

 FLOW MEASUREMENT APPARATUS VENTURIMETER

Venturimeter is a device used for measurement of rate of flow of fluid through a pipe. The basic principle on which venturimeter works is that by reducing the cross- sectional area of flow passage, a pressure difference is created and the measurement of the pressure difference enables the determination of the discharge through the pipe.

A venturi meter consists of (1) an inlet section followed by a convergent cone, (2) a cylindrical throat and (3) a gradually divergent cone. Since the cross – sectional area of the throat is smaller than the cross sectional area of the inlet section, the velocity of flow at the throat will become greater than that at the inlet section, according to continuity equation. The increase in the velocity of flow at the throat results in the decrease in the pressure at this section.

 

SAMPLE DATA SHEET

RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS:

   Calculate the discharge, difference of manometer reading and C_d for different sets of readings for venturimeter.

FLUID MECHANICS LAB - BERNOULLI’S THEOREM APPARATUS

  APPARATUS FOR VERIFICATION OF BERNOULLI’S THEOREM

       

EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP

THEORY

Considering friction less flow along a variable area duct, the law of conservation of energy states “for an inviscid, incompressible, irrotational and steady flow along a stream line the total energy (or head) remains the same”. This is called Bernoulli’s equation

The total head of flowing fluid consists of pressure head, velocity head and elevation head. Hence

                                    

Where, P, V, and Z refer to the pressure, velocity and position of the liquid relative to some                      datum at any section.

Tube No.	Distance from inlet section (cm)	Area of c/s of conduit A (cm2)	Velocity of flow (cm/sec) V= (Q/A) cm/sec	V2/2g (cm)	(cm)	(cm)
1	7.5	14.67
2	15.0	13.33
3	22.5	12.0
4	30.0	10.67
5	37.5	9.33
6	45.0	8.0
7	52.5	9.33
8	60.0	10.67
9	67.5	12.0
10	75.0	13.33
11	82.5	14.67

  RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:

 

1.         If V is the velocity of flow at a particular section of the duct and Q is the discharge, then by continuity equation:

         
2.         Calculate velocity head and total head.

3.         Plot piezometric head (P/w + Z), velocity head (V²/ 2g), total head (P/w + Z+ V²/2g) v/s distance of piezometer tubes from same reference point.  

WELCOME

 

Dear Students 

I am starting this blog for all of you to understand the practical we preform in Mechanical Engineering and will cover different topics of Mechanical Engineering.

Will write about different topics of Mechanical Engineering and about experiment with experimental set up pics, explanation and data sheet.

if  you need any details regarding experimental readings, will share later on.

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Thank You

ARPAN JAIN

B.Tech (Mech.), M.B.A.(H.R.)